Friday, November 29, 2019

Mining In Space Essays - Spaceflight, Outer Space, Space Technology

Mining in Space On December 10, 1986 the Greater New York Section of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and the engineering section of the New York Academy of Sciences jointly presented a program on mining the planets. Speakers were Greg Maryniak of the Space Studies Institute (SSI) and Dr. Carl Peterson of the Mining and Excavation Research Institute of M.I.T. Maryniak spoke first and began by commenting that the quintessential predicament of space flight is that everything launched from Earth must be accelerated to orbital velocity. Related to this is that the traditional way to create things in space has been to manufacture them on Earth and then launch them into orbit aboard large rockets. The difficulty with this approach is the huge cost-per-pound of boosting anything out of this planet's gravity well. Furthermore, Maryniak noted, since (at least in the near to medium term) the space program must depend upon the government for most of its funding, for this economic drawback necessarily translates into a political problem. Maryniak continued by noting that the early settlers in North America did not attempt to transport across the Atlantic everything then needed to sustain them in the New World. Rather they brought their tools with them and constructed their habitats from local materials. Hence, he suggested that the solution to the dilemma to which he referred required not so much a shift in technology as a shift in thinking. Space, he argued, should be considered not as a vacuum, totally devoid of everything. Rather, it should be regarded as an ocean, that is, a hostile environment but one having resources. Among the resources of space, he suggested, are readily available solar power and potential surface mines on the Moon and later other celestial bodies as well. The Moon, Maryniak stated, contains many useful materials. Moreover, it is twenty-two times easier to accelerate a payload to lunar escape velocity than it is to accelerate the identical mass out of the EarthUs gravity well. As a practical matter the advantage in terms of the energy required is even greater because of the absence of a lunar atmosphere. Among other things this permits the use of devices such as electromagnetic accelerators (mass drivers) to launch payloads from the MoonUs surface. Even raw Lunar soil is useful as shielding for space stations and other space habitats. At present, he noted, exposure to radiation will prevent anyone for spending a total of more than six months out of his or her entire lifetime on the space station. At the other end of the scale, Lunar soil can be processed into its constituent materials. In between steps are also of great interest. For example, the MoonUs soil is rich in oxygen, which makes up most of the mass of water and rocket propellant. This oxygen could be RcookedS out of the Lunar soil. Since most of the mass of the equipment which would be necessary to accomplish this would consist of relatively low technology hardware, Maryniak suggested the possibility that at least in the longer term the extraction plant itself could be manufactured largely on the Moon. Another possibility currently being examined is the manufacture of glass from Lunar soil and using it as construction material. The techniques involved, according to Maryniak, are crude but effective. (In answer to a question posed by a member of the audience after the formal presentation, Maryniak stated that he believed the brittle properties of glass could be overcome by using glass-glass composites. He also suggested yet another possibility, that of using Lunar soil as a basis of concrete.) One possible application of such Moon-made glass would be in glass-glass composite beams. Among other things, these could be employed as structural elements in a solar power satellite (SPS). While interest in the SPS has waned in this country, at least temporarily, it is a major focus of attention in the U.S.S. R. , Western Europe and Japan. In particular, the Soviets have stated that they will build an SPS by the year 2000 (although they plan on using Earth launched materials. Similarly the Japanese are conducting SPS related sounding rocket tests. SSI studies have suggested that more than 90%, and

Monday, November 25, 2019

Munich Olympic Massacre Aftermath

Munich Olympic Massacre Aftermath The 2012 London Olympics marked the 40th anniversary of the tragic massacre of Israeli athletes at the 1972 Munich games. An international calamity, the murder of the athletes by the Palestinian extremist Black September group on September 5, 1972, naturally spurred increased security measures at all subsequent Olympic games. The incident also forced the United States federal government, especially the State Department, to modernize the way it handles diplomatic security. Black September Attack At 4 a.m. September 5, eight Palestinian terrorists broke into to the Olympic village building where the Israeli team stayed. As they attempted to take the team hostage, a fight broke out. The terrorists killed two athletes, then took nine others hostage. A globally televised standoff ensued, with the terrorists demanding the release of more than 230 political prisoners in Israel and Germany. Germany insisted on handling the crisis. Germany had not hosted the Olympics since the 1936 Berlin games, in which Adolf Hitler tried to showcase German superiority in the pre-World War II years. West Germany saw the 1972 games as a chance to show the world it had lived down its Nazi past. The terrorist attack on Israeli Jews, of course, stabbed right at the heart of German history, since Nazis have perpetrated the extermination of some six million Jews during the Holocaust. (In fact, the infamous Dachau concentration camp sat about 10 miles from Munich.) German police, with little training in counter-terrorism, botched their rescue attempts. Terrorists learned via TV reporting of a German attempt to rush the Olympic village. An attempt to take them at a nearby airport where the terrorists believed they had passage out of the country, collapsed into a firefight. When it was over, all the athletes were dead. Changes in U.S. Readiness The Munich massacre prompted obvious changes in Olympic venue security. No longer would it be easy for intruders to hop two-meter fences and stroll unchallenged into athletes apartments. But the terror attack also changed security measures on a more subtle scale. The U.S. State Departments Bureau for Diplomatic Security reports that the Munich Olympics, along with other high-profile terrorist incidents in the late 1960s and early 1970s, caused the bureau (then known as the Office of Security, or SY) to reevaluate how it protects American diplomats, emissaries, and other representatives abroad. The bureau reports that Munich caused three major changes in how the U.S. handles diplomatic security. The massacre: Put diplomatic security in the forefront of U.S. foreign policy concerns; Changed SYs focus from background checks and evaluations to committing the personnel and technology necessary to combat terror; Put the State Department, White House, and Congress all in the diplomatic security policy-making process. Executive Measures U.S. President Richard Nixon also made executive changes to Americas terror preparedness. Foretelling the post-9/11 administrative reorganizations, Nixon ordered that U.S. intelligence agencies cooperate more effectively with each other and foreign agencies to share information regarding terrorists, and he created a new cabinet-level committee on terrorism, headed by Secretary of State William P. Rogers. In measures that seem quaint by today s standards, Rogers ordered that all foreign visitors to the U.S. carry visas, that visa applications be closely screened, and lists of suspicious persons code-named for secrecy be submitted to federal intelligence agencies. Congress authorized the president to cut U.S. air service to countries that aided hijackers  and made attacks against foreign diplomats on American soil a federal offense. Shortly after the Munich attack, Rogers addressed the United Nations and in another tactic that presaged 9/11 made terrorism global concern, not just that of a few nations.  The issue is not war...[or] the strivings of people to achieve self-determination and independence, Rogers said, it is whether the vulnerable lines of international communication...can continue, without disruption, to bring nations and peoples together.

Friday, November 22, 2019

Computer Hacker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Hacker - Research Paper Example While some do this for fun and to satisfy their egos, others engage in computer hacking for profit or for knowledge purposes (Levy, 2010). Nonetheless, despite the reasons for engaging in computer hacking, this practice is considered neither wholly good nor bad, since this involves a number of negative outcomes. The practice of computer hacking has existed in the field of Information Technology since the past few decades. Computer hacking involves a high level of intelligence and dedication. Hackers are therefore, highly knowledgeable not only in computer systems, but also in the security systems, which people employ to keep hackers out and to secure their systems (Thomas, 2002). In order to hack into systems, hackers are required to have in-depth knowledge on the systems, and most therefore, have to study the particular systems they want to hack into. According to Sterling (1989), in order to gather knowledge, some hackers attend conferences in order to learn about new techniques an d easier ways of hacking into systems. After hacking a system, hackers gain access to all kind of information in the system. They therefore, can use the information in whatever manner they wish. They are able to download this information, to copy it to their computer, or even delete the information, among other commands. Nonetheless, depending on the kind of system jacked into, as well as the kind of information that is accessed, the actions of a computer hacker might result in negative outcomes, basing on how he or she manipulates and uses the information accessed. For instance, if a hacker hacks into the system of a telephone company, he or she might make calling cards, and change phone numbers, among others (Sterling, 1989). As seen, computer hacking is considered a form of... This paper approves that the question of computer hacking, and computer hacking and ethics remain paramount in the present IT generation. Ethics is an aspect, which individuals develop over time; and ethics involves good behavior, which are mainly aimed at improving, and not harming others. In the world of computers and technology, ethics has become an important aspect. In this light, some computer hackers, who hack for fun, have claimed that they hurt no one by â€Å"just looking around,† and therefore, their practice should be considered ethical, and nor criminal. This report makes a conclusion that with all efforts of governments, computer hacking has not been eliminated. Governments therefore, need to develop more effective strategies, which might help to curb computer hacking. In order to solve the problem of computer hacking, young enthusiasts interested in computers and computer hacking should be taught about ethics and its importance. In addition, these should be supported to develop a user community, instead of becoming isolated computer hackers. Nonetheless, the practice of computer hacking has been rising considerably in the past years. The major problem of computer hacking is that it infringes on other people’s privacy. More so, since technology levels also keep rising steadily, the future of computer hacking seems bright, as computer hackers will learn and evolve with the increasing technology. However, ethical hackers will also use the advanced technology to offer increased system security to organizations. Either way, compu ter hacking affects all countries, therefore, it should be the collective responsibility of countries to adopt strategies that will help to curb computer hacking.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Supply chain management (reply to an answer) Case Study

Supply chain management (reply to an answer) - Case Study Example A few reasons such as maximizing economies of scale entails considerable business investment risks because it is not very fluid in terms of market response (Hugos 147). This system is also not suitable for industries that can change quickly on trends, like the apparel industry (Daspal 1). The converse of the push-concept is the pull-system modeled on Toyota which relies on actual customer demand and works backwards along the supply chain. However, this kind of system requires a near-perfect method of efficient logistics that has short production cycles; long lead times can be shortened by maximum efficiency along the supply chain. This is what computer giant Dell did, in contrast to the estimated losses suffered by Compaq when laptops were not available. This system is not speculative, in the sense it anticipates future customer demand, but is reactive which is more accurate in terms of meeting actual customer demand. I agree that supply chain efficiency is about minimizing inventory levels to reduce the risk of product obsolescence. However, there are additional benefits in using the Just-in-Time (JIT) concept pioneered by Toyota that can be implemented, such as lower working capital, a mass customization and postponement of demand (Coyle 661) that lowers costs to b enefit clients. Coyle, John J., Langley, John C., Gibson, Brian J., Novack, Robert A. and Edward J. Bardi. Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective. Mason, OH, USA: South-Western Cengage Learning, 2008.

Monday, November 18, 2019

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example lated businesses, gaining administrative synergy in the process by utilizing their existing presence in wide geographical areas of Australia, and 3) using the Owner-Managed Branch (OMB) concept to attract investment capital and entrepreneurial commitment of experienced bank executives. 2. Bank of Queensland’s lending grew by 27 per cent and retail deposit by 33 per cent and these figures were 1.7 and 3.7 times ahead of overall growth of the Australian banking system. This market leadership has been maintained tin the last two years. It is obvious that the bank has scanned its environment correctly and has matched its resources and capabilities with the threats and opportunities in the external environment to generate such impressive results. These achievements prove that Bank of Queensland has applied sound strategic management principles and practices. In terms of functional strategy, its efforts to improve efficiency and a customer-centric approaches have yielded good rewards for the company. Its business strategy of opening Owner-Managed branches and expanding its branch networks has worked wonders for the bank in terms of deposits generated and volume of lending, as well as sound bottom lines. Finally, the banks corporate strategy of acquiring related businesses to complement "organic" expansion has proved a success as well. Unless the momentum falters, the future looks bright for Bank of Queensland. Bank of Queensland (BOQ) is Australias fastest growing full-service retail bank and has undertaken an aggressive expansion program in the last five years that has brought its rapidly growing network to 280 branches and 13 business banking offices throughout Australia. Its unique franchise-type Owner-Managed Branch model permits individuals, mainly former bank executives, to own and operate local branches backed by the product range and security of the bank. BOQ is listed in the Australian Stock Exchange since 1971 began its expansion thrust in 1985

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Generic Conventions of Documentary

Generic Conventions of Documentary The Purpose of this Essay is to explore the Generic Conventions of Documentary and Documentary photography, comparing the two and to explore how street photography has evolved since its introduction in the late 19th century. This essays primary purpose is to Examine How Street Photography came about and how it has changed since it was revolutionised in the early 20th Century, then it will explore and compare two photographers who forever changed the way that street photography is perceived, The secondary purpose of this essay will be to debate the question, unlike documentary photography, which sets out to record historical events and everyday life, does street photography need a subject in the image in particular with Eugene Atget, who went around photographing various street corners and shops in Paris without a person in the photo. First of all, one must ask the question, exactly what is a photograph? In The Photograph, Graham Clarke Describes the word Photograph as Light Writing, he goes on to say that it also speaks as an underlying concern to control light and time and that the photograph not only signals a different relationship to and over nature, it speaks very much to a sense of power in a way that we seek to construct the world around us Clarke, (1997, P11). In most photographs its left up to the viewer on how they read and perceive a photograph, Graham Clark continues by saying The photograph has a multiple existence which informs its multiple meanings, its seeming simplicity of form and function belies an implicit problematic of sight and representation Clarke, (1997, P11) What Clarke is suggesting to the viewer is that photographs have multiple layers of text conveyed within one image, Clarke wants the viewer to look closer and determine what the photograph means to each person individually and why its being represented in this way In relation to street photography this is the main question to be explored in the second part of this essay. So how does one read a photograph? A picture is worth a thousand words, but how does one interpret them? Every time the viewer sees an image he or she has their own personal view of that image so it falls to the photographer or artist to put their own messages/meanings behind their images and leave the interpretation open to the viewer, Photographic Art Generally falls into four main types of photographic genres, Landscape, Portraiture, Fine Art, and Documentary, each picture in each genre gives off a different emotional response In Particular Eugene Atget and Cartier Bressons Photographic styles would fall into the Landscape Documentary categories. So lets look at what these two categories are, in photography; The Key Concepts, David Bate describes documentary photography as Telling a story with pictures, Documentary photography gave new life and social function, Documentary aimed to show in an informal way the everyday lives of ordinary people, to other ordinary people -ÂÂ   Bate, (2009, P45). This emerged as popular practise following the First World War, and began to develop through the 20th century, after the horrors of the First World War, more and more photographers went out and photographed everyday events happening to normal everyday people out in the streets, this social documentary work went on to dominate the early 20th century with people undertaking projects based on the after effects on war and how it changed the lives of everyday peoples lives forever, One such example would be the 1972 accidental napalm attack in the Vietnamese war, one of the most reproduced images of that time, Robert Haeberles People abo ut to be shot which Clarke describes as An anonymous war machine raining down napalm accidentally on innocent children but such a narrative cannot deflect us from the presence of intense agony Clarke (1997, P160) By looking at this photo the reader is invited to feel all the emotions these children went through, screams, cries and sorrow, but the photographer is trying to invite the reader to understand that although we can see visually how horrible the events were, that theres nothing more horrible than what the innocent subjects were going through, The Photographer Robert Haeberles statement himself guys were about to shoot these people I yelled hold it and shot my pictures, M16s opened up and from the corner of my eye I saw bodies falling but I did not turn to look Rovert Haeberle Clarke, (1997, P160). Next theres Landscape Photography, there are many different narratives that landscape photography could fall in to, but the main thing to think about with street photography in landscapes is what is the photographer attempting to show the reader in a landscape picture? Is it just the environment, the place, or is it perhaps a landscape being dominated by the presence of humans in the photograph, In David Bates Photography, the key concepts, Bate goes on to say what this means is that whatever is seen is always coded via the picture. Therefore HOW the material is seen in the picture, the way it is pictured, is as critical as what is shown Bate, (2009, P90) the photographer is encouraging the reader to think of the bigger picture of what the landscape photograph represents, Roger Fenton, one of the early Pioneers in photography was one of the first to make the reader question and think about what they were viewing, his approach was to places that had been established as tourist areas, places that people already had a view on, places of great beauty and social harmony In his approach to landscape Fenton both reflects a highly specific cultural vocabulary based on literature and painting, this sense of the photographer as privileged tourist is underscored by the way Fenton often photographed tourist areas which had already been depicted in painting and literature his images reflect the leisurely assumptions of a class of people who looked upon landscape scenery in aesthetic and philosophical terms (Clarke, 1997, P56). The photograph often gives off a hint of a unified Britain, but Fenton, a war photographer, is trying the challenge the readers views and make you see the bigger picture, look beyond the picture and think of problems that may have been going on around that area at the time. This brings the essay on to Part two, firstly unlike Documentary Photography, does Street Photography need a person in the photo? As mentioned earlier in the essay this is left very open to the viewer to make their mind up, Eugene Atget didnt think it did, Eugene Atget was one of the main pioneers in 20th century street photography, and most of his work was done on the streets of Paris, his photos that do have people are very surreal, questioning our perception of what is dream and what is reality, looking at one of Atgets pieces of work, A Corner, rue de seine, As quoted by Clive Scott in Street Photography, From Atget to Cartier Bresson Perhaps the most celebrated photograph of this street is the one that Atget took on an early May morning in 1924, a photo of a wedge shaped building at the corner of the rue de seine, The oblique view shown here emphasizes the rapid foreshadowing created by the wide angle lens, the distortion produced by the lens also gives the building a marked pre cariousness, is this tilting to the right a consequence of intoxication or old age? The building has open eyes, only on the third and fourth floors at the near end, everywhere else in the building is sealed in somnolence or death -(Scott, 2007, P178/P180) The Photograph is a very surreal image which is challenging the reader to try decode its many layers, The viewer sees it as an image with a lot of gothic potential, the mist adds to this effect, and the building is shown to be in disrepair, so although the image is shown without subjects, theres a much deeper hidden meaning, a very dark and dreary meaning that could perhaps signal a change in cultures, the building is old, very pre-World War One, perhaps this image also trying to indicate a struggle to adapt to the new world after war, also although most of the text in image is left blurred or too small to read, we can clearly read the words petit bouif which is actually a shoe repair shop, which Atget is also well known for photog raphing,ÂÂ   we also see the pictures of what we assume are lost family pets, again we can relate this back to the time, 6 years after the world war ended what exactly has Paris become. Moving on to Cartier Bresson,ÂÂ   much of his work is not actually considered documentary photographer, he was a revolutionary photographer who couldnt really be placed into any single genre, he did almost every type of photography you could do, but although he wasnt a documentary photographer, one of his most well-known images that Im going to look at is, the photo was taken outside the train station saint lazar, although colour camera did not exist at this time Bresson noticed the rain in the foreground, and the beautiful mist like feature blocking the houses in the background, and by chance he saw a man jumping over the picture which he then snapped on his black and white camera, we can see from the picture that the man was caught in mid motion, the blur that has appeared from the mans speed but also the contrast makes the picture stand out more, so we have to ask the question, had the man not been there jumping over the ladder when Bresson snapped him, would this have becom e arguably Bressons most well-known photograph? Although there is still a lot going on in the picture, such as the ladder and rubble in front of it, the railowsky sign clearly visible in the midground, and even the other person visible near the background, at least in this case although Bresson may not have been a documentary photographer, this picture is a documentary photograph Reference List: Scott, Clive. Street Photography. London: I.B. Tauris, 2007. Print. Bate, D. (2009). Photography. Oxford: Berg. Clarke, G. (1997). The photograph. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Thomas Alva Edison Essays -- Essays Papers

Thomas Alva Edison Thomas Alva Edison was one of the greatest inventors. He was a smart man. Thomas invented many things such as the light bulb and phonograph. Without the light bulb we would still be using candles and lanterns like they did many years ago. Although Thomas was deaf he worked hard and never gave up. Thomas Alva Edison was born on February 11, 1847 in Milan, Ohio. He had many family members. He had a father named Samuel Odgen Edison and a mother named Nancy Elliott Edison. Thomas' mother pulled him from school because Thomas' teacher called him a"retard." Nancy Edison taught her son at home. Thomas has six siblings and he was the youngest child in the Edison family. Thomas was interested in many things as a child. At age twelve Thomas got a job at the Grand Trunk Railroad. While working at Grand Trunk Railroad Thomas was a typesetter, press operator, editor, and publisher of his very own newspaper called the "Herald." Thomas got his news for his newspaper from telegraphers at other train stations. Thomas liked many things, but mathematics was not one of them. He enjoyed reading books about science and philosophy. His favorite book ever was Isaac Newtown's Principia Mathematica. Thomas was interested in inventing the light bulb. Thomas was a scientist as a kid. He like to test many things. When he was young he built a laboratory in the family's basement. Thomas did experiments he found in science books and got jars and che...

Monday, November 11, 2019

Animal Farm Language as a Tool of Control Essay

Animal Farm is a short novel, published in 1945 and written by George Orwell. The novel tells the story of a group of farm animals who, in an attempt to create an idealistic state, overthrow their human master. However, their leaders, the pigs, progressively become more corrupt and the other animals realise that their goal, to establish a utopia, has become a mere, receding whisper. The pigs use verbal and semantic techniques to control and manipulate their naà ¯ve minions, including through the use of persuasive words, the alteration of rules and use of hymns and poems. In the novella, propaganda is used to manipulate the other animals on the farm. Squealer, the silver-tongued propagandist, exploits the power of language in an effort to defend Napoleon’s wicked actions. Some techniques used by Napoleon and Squealer to two-time the proletariat comprise the use of drastically simplifying language into memorable verses, to limit the terms of debate. An example of this is when the sheep are taught by him to bleat ‘four legs good, two legs better’ (pg. 89, Chapter 10).This is an ironic twist to the original maxim ‘four legs good, two legs bad’ (pg. 22, Chapter 3) quoted by the sheep, which was used to unify the animals against the human enemy. Squealer also chooses to overcomplicate language, to strike intimidation and confusion among the uneducated animals. Where he says to the birds, ‘a bird’s wing is an organ of propulsion and not of manipulation’, the birds are confused as to what Squealer means here. On top of these language techniques, Squealer also employs perplexing false statistics, many lies and a boasting vocabulary, to bring about a sense of hopelessness and self-doubt within the other animals. Deceptive practices are used tenfold by Squealer in his speeches to the other animals, and in the novel we are told of his misleading abilities. We are told that he can ‘turn black into white’ and that he has a ‘shrill voice’ and ‘twinkling eyes’; these are his assets of manipulation. His first example of deceit in the novel is when the pigs have taken the milk and apples for themselves, and Squealer cuckolds the ignorant animals with lies such as ‘Many of us actually dislike milk and apples (pg. 23, Chapter 3). ’ On top of that Squealer also uses false statistics in this speech to support his arguments, an example includes ‘Milk and apples (this has been proven by Science, comrades) contains substances absolutely necessary to the wellbeing of a pig (pg. 23, Chapter 3).’ Squealer uses these lies to justify the pigs’ evil means, and to convince the other animals that the pigs only eat the milk and apples for the other animals’ benefit. The larceny of the milk and apples ages from the very first moments after the Rebellion, and thus shows how early the pigs’ wicked and unscrupulous intentions manifest themselves. As events unfold, on Animal Farm, we see small privileges quickly evolve into complete corruption, and we begin to see the pig resemble those who they usurped. The power of language can take many forms, including the manipulation of the written word. Old Major’s ideas of equality are taken on board from the very start and after the occupation of Animal Farm by the animals, the Seven Commandments are written. These Commandments bind the animals to one another in harmony against the humans and keep order within Animal Farm. We see the first example of alteration on the Fourth Commandment which states ‘No animal shall sleep in a bed’. After the pigs move into the farmhouse and sleep in the beds, the embargo on sleeping in beds is altered, by the addition of the words ‘with sheets’ on the Commandment. However, this is a minor crime compared to what happens after the fiascos of winter. Snowball is incriminated for the collapse of the windmill and in turn, trials are held in which animals confess to crimes that were motivated by him. In direct contradiction with the Sixth Commandment which states ‘No animal shall kill any other animal’, the executions that follow are a horrific event. However, when the Commandments are checked, ‘without cause’ has been added to the Sixth Commandment. Squealer was employed to make these changes to the Seven Commandments to justify the pigs’ humanisation and also to exercise control of the proletariat beliefs about themselves and the society. Ironically, the revision of the Commandments allows the pigs to commit human behaviour, when the original purpose of the Commandments was to prevent the animals from following the humans’ evil habits. Orwell demonstrates how simply a philosophical code of belief can be turned into propaganda, with the revision of the commandments. Animal Farm is filled with many songs, poems and mottos, including Old Major’s rabble-rousing ‘Beats of England’, Minimus’s odes, and even the sheep’s chants. Serving as propaganda, each of these songs, poems and slogans, are one of the pigs’ major tools of control over the animals. Most notably, ‘Beats of England’ was used to stir the rebellious side of the animals and was a symbol of revolution. The pigs used ‘Beats of England’ to grind down the animals’ sense of individuality and keep them inspired and united to work for their freedom. However, when the chant is used by Clover to criticise the direction of Animal Farm, Napoleon argues that ‘Beasts of England is no longer needed as the rebellion has been achieved. Replaced by ‘Animal Farm’ and ‘Comrade Napoleon’, ‘Beasts of England’ is outlawed (pg. 59, Chapter 7). The principles of the rebellion are distorted by Napoleon and are demonstrated by the replacement of ‘Beasts of England’. ‘Comrade Napoleon’, written by Minimus, is used by Napoleon to glorify himself. The poem generates a happy feeling towards his rule and, even though he had minimal role in the success of animal farm, ‘Comrade Napoleon’, attributes many of the events to Napoleon reinforcing his position as leader (pg. 63, Chapter 8). This demonstrates how language, in this case in the form of songs, chants and poems can be used to distort and manipulate a religious or political code of belief to benefit the bourgeoisie. In conclusion, as seen in the novel, language is a major tool of control used by the pigs. In the novel, Orwell tries to demonstrate the danger of a naà ¯ve working class, and the use of propaganda to control others. Orwell warns us of the many dangers if we believe everything we see and hear and draws attention to the way certain leaders, such as the pigs, gain and maintain power and control using language as a tool of repression and manipulation.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essays

The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essays The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essay The Influences And Decisions Of Social Workers Social Work Essay Essay As a societal worker, holding an consciousness of how my doctrine may act upon my decision-making in a professional scene is of import for future pattern. In order to give my clients the most good advise. I must be cognizant of my duties in following the value patterns of societal work. Know my place in the assisting sphere Harmonizing to the Association of Australian Social Workers, societal work pattern should take to assist persons accomplish success in both personal and societal enterprises in order to promote well-being of the person ( aasw 2002, p 5 ) . My self-evaluation will analyze how personal doctrine regards or contradicts the value set out in societal work pattern. I will research my values in relation to single relationships and speak about my hopes for the hereafter of the universe I shall besides research the beginnings of my doctrines, the pillars that sustain them and the events in my life that have shaped my beliefs. I will so analyze the stairss I would take to fo restall struggles of involvement between my client and me Personal life Doctrine Human existences irrespective of gender, race, or position govern their lives harmonizing to a series of regulations that show the manner to act among household, friends, and the wider community. These are called values and are signals that give way about right and incorrect ( Dolgoff et al, 2009, p20, Beckett A ; Maynard, 2005, p5 ) . Valuess stem from a assortment of countries, as kids we are raised in communities that influence our behavior Beckett and Maynard ( 2005 ) refer to these as value systems. The ideals we take from our societies can be inactive and others can alter overtime. ( Beckett A ; Maynard, 2005 ) Culture has a major impact on our value systems ; it influences our professional lives, every bit good as our private lives. ( Otima Doyle, Shari E. Miller, F. Y. Mirza, 2007 ) . I besides govern my actions harmonizing to values learned as a kid and my doctrine has been shaped by a cross-cultural upbringing, I was raised in Papua New Guinea where I received a western i nstruction that encouraged individuality and in Uganda, I received a Catholic instruction where I learned the values of community. I experienced the broad life style in university. These diverse environments have contributed to how I view the universe today. I value people above all other existences because of the manner I was raised in Uganda with household members that supported each other economically I did non see great adversity. However I knew that my parents did. This consciousness taught me to esteem difficult work and value unity, because my parents despite their battles resisted the force per unit areas of the authorities to give personal unity for wealth. I value honestness and for me that includes being unfastened about my abilities to take instances that may do me great hurt and I consider credibleness in affairs refering to worker client confidentiality valuable Compassion and charity are besides of import to me because I believe that in order to be an effectual assist ant, a charitable nature goes along manner towards understanding the demands of a client. I am cognizant nevertheless that emotional distance must be exercised. I need to be careful non become emotionally attached to the client In order to forestall my enforcing my values upon my client. I believe in being committed to all my relationships, and experience that in order to accomplish success in either my personal or professional life I must be faithful in maintaining private inside informations in assurance. Finally I believe that in order for a relationship to turn at that place needs to be credence for differences in all facets of life, from how person behaves, to the sentiments they hold. Therefore if I choose to interact with people on a regular basis I should be able to accept them wholly. I may non wish their actions but I should admit that my clients come from different backgrounds and as a societal worker my responsibility lies in non judging them, but instead I am at that place to assist them work through their jobs. Hope for the hereafter and the universe The hereafter is genuinely an unknown that holds a batch of uncertainness for me ; at present I can non clearly image what my hopes and dreams are. However there are some things I would wish to see alteration in the following 10 old ages: The first country of concern for me is the clime alteration argument, alternatively of the changeless rhetoric from the major universe leaders like the United States, Russia, Great Britain, and China. I would wish to see concrete stairss being taken to cut down nursery gas emanation coming from industries around the universe. Second I wish that in the following few old ages the millenary development ends ( MDGs ) are achieved before the dead line in 2015 so far really limited success has been reported harmonizing to the United Nations MDGS study of 2009 advancement has been noted in merely four ends of the 10 end plan. The study outlines the advancement made in cut downing infant deceases, from its 1990 figure of 12.6million to 9 million in 2007 ; t he study besides cites advancement in the countries of instruction, poorness and decrease of pollutants. They nevertheless admit that more advancement is needed in order to run into the 2015 deadline. Finally I hope that more pharmaceutical companies will fall in the planetary enterprise to happen inexpensive alternate solutions to the medical demands of the universe. I hope the companies like Glaxo smith Kline and its many challengers dispense with the demand to do money and see salvaging lives as their precedence Beginnings of values and support My doctrine comes from many experiences. As a kid I grew up with cataracts that affected my vision. The status over the class of my instruction has caused me great defeat. However, the love and strength of my female parent ensured that I had the best possible start. She taught me neer to give up ; the support of my pedagogues besides showed me that despite the presence of obstructions, if I worked difficult I would accomplish my ends. The challenges due to my ocular hindrance have taught me to be compassionate towards all people who have challenges in their ain lives, I have experienced the adversity of seeking to populate and work with people who have few physical restrictions. Reading is a accomplishment that I love but at times I dislike it because the founts used in books are frequently excessively little and do me to be slower these apparently minor concerns cause me some defeat. I nevertheless find great inspiration from work forces like the Australian Born Nick Vujicic who was born with no limbs and with merely a bantam pes lives life to the full. With a dual grade in accounting and fiscal planning He speaks with strength about his journey I found the intent of my being, and besides the intent of my circumstance. ( Nick Vujicic 2010 ) . His ability to win in the manner he has despite his obvious challenges, amazes and humbles me into the realization that I can accomplish any end if I truly want it. My life doctrines are sustained by my belief in God to whom I turn to for counsel ; counsel I find in the Hagiographas of the Old and New Testament of the Bible. In the Old Testament Hagiographas, particularly in the book of Deuteronomy, I find the moral values by which I govern my life. Put out in The Ten Commandments ( NIV Bible, Duet ; 5:1-32 ) that guide me on how to populate my life in conformity to Gods wants. Other values that have contributed to who I am come from other books I have read. Books by Charles Dickens such as Oliver Twist and Hard Times have painted rough images of poorness in industrial England during the 19th and early twentieth century these narratives sparked an involvement in perusing solutions to human agony. Before coming to Australia I had completed a grade in International dealingss with the hope of taking my state towards happening solutions to our domestic jobs in the International arena these aspirations nevertheless have non been achieved so far Personal values in relation to Social work After reading the Australian association of societal workers codifications of moralss I have found analogues to my ain doctrine of life. The association has five nucleus values that provide societal work professionals with guidelines that inform their pattern. These values are: Human self-respect and worth Social justness Service to humanity Integrity Competence ( AASW, 2002, 1999, p 8 ) At this phase in my unrecorded I can appreciate and accept that these values are indispensable for every twenty-four hours life. However, I must show some reserves in stating that I would adhere to these values wholly. The major job that I can anticipate is that I am an person with assorted ideals in some state of affairss for case where the inquiry of life is posed I am reasonably assorted I do non believe in the decease punishment, yet I can non to the full differ about the abortion inquiries. I can mention a specific clip in my life when I was 22 and a friend told me she was dating a married adult male and had become pregnant. She wanted to hold an abortion and I tried to speak her out degree Fahrenheit it nevertheless she went in front and had the abortion, my first inherent aptitude when I got the intelligence was to be critical of her and I see now that my antipathy sing unfaithfulness and abortion prevented me from being more considerate, as a societal worker I must larn to st amp down my ain positions in order to be more receptive to my clients In state of affairss where my values may conflict with those of a client Ralph Dolgoff etal says clangs occur in many client worker kineticss ( Dolgoff etal 2009, p112 ) chiefly because societal workers tend to give greater value to societal harmoniousness, equality, free pick and societal justness. These values differ from civilization to civilization and may alter over clip. An illustration is the inquiry of a adult female s right to take between an abortion and non holding one in the early twentieth century adult females in Europe and North America could non acquire safe entree to abortion services and as a consequence many died in back back street clinics in the effort. However as Torahs around the universe have changed so have values and in many societies holding an abortion is now merely another option to a adult female who may hold no pick but to seek such services. These differences harmonizing to Dolgoff etal may do jobs for the societal worker and the client In the initial phases of therapy, nevertheless in order to guarantee that my point of position does non conflict with my clients values, Dolgoff suggests that societal workers need to peruse cognition relevant to the cultural demands of clients, this information can be compiled through interviews of clients ( Dolgoff etal 2009 ) . As societal workers we need to be knowing about the assorted issues refering to cultural or spiritual beliefs ( Dolgoff, etal, 2009, 113 ) .Although I may necessitate to hold a better apprehension of where my client place on certain values comes from, it is critical that I maintain a clear impartial modesty Dolgoff emphasises the dangers built-in in placing excessively closely with the clients he points out that prejudice will most likely consequence and impact the success of an intercession. However holding a similar background to my client can enable a better resonance to develop between my client and myself. Further spreads that may originate and do me jobs as a societal worker trade with the affair of power ; in the societal work profession I have assumed power over the client. And because of this false power, the client is likely to experience unequal to me by virtuousness of my cognition, and the client s place of service user. This power moral force can be damaging to the success of a societal worker in seeking to garner helpful penetration into a clients job, if non channelled right In the text Ethical determinations for societal work pattern Ralph Dolgoff etal suggest a figure of ways in which I can guarantee that my client feels comfy plenty to allow travel of the fright that may halter the assisting exercising. They suggest that as a societal worker I need to happen out what the clients values are and decide whether struggle of involvements exists, and if there is struggle I must next attack the client in a manner that does non advert the value in order to understand the nature o f my client s job. In order to keep a professional criterion I must retrieve the grounds I chose to fall in the assisting profession, harmonizing Lesley Chenoweth and Donna McAuliffe ( 2005, p 6 ) the grounds some people enter the societal work profession root from experiences had ether in child goon or early maturity. These experiences can sometimes supply a individual with a passion to fall in the societal work field because they were helped by a societal worker and wanted to animate others, as they were inspired. For some the experience with societal services could hold been negative and fostered a desire to convey alteration to the profession. No affair how we joined the profession it is of import that we do non lose sight of the grounds why we chose societal work these grounds will prolong me and maintain me motivated to go on to work with clients even those who are hard and difficult to assist. Admiting personal prejudice before manus can frequently cut down the opportunities of holding value struggles with clients. Chenoweth and McAuliffe regard this as effectual usage of ego By allowing my supervisors know where I stand on certain issue can guarantee that I am less likely to be assigned a instance that I can non properly trade with. Keeping a value impersonal stance is another manner to avoid making value struggles ( Weick as cited by Dolgoff etal ) suggests that in order to decently understand the client the societal worker demands to listen carefully to what the client truly wants and should suspend all opinion, values, and personal rules in order to supply effectual aid to the client ( Dolgoff, 2009, P, 114 ) . In order for my future societal work pattern to be consequence I must cultivate and continually beef up my cognition base and seek webs to maintain me motivated. Self-awareness is cardinal to understanding my function, as a professional assistant, and critical contemplations about my ego in relation to my values is valuable. As the American writer Daniel Coleman said, If your emotional abilities are nt in manus, if you do nt hold self-awareness, if you are non able to pull off your straitening emotions, if you ca nt hold empathy and have effectual relationships, so no affair how smart you are, you are non traveling to acquire really far. ( Coleman, 2010 ) .

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Catch-22 Review essays

Catch-22 Review essays Joseph Hellers Catch-22 is a fictional novel. It is a classic adventure through the dark, cynicism of war, filled with characters who hate themselves, hate each other, and most of all the war itself. The majority of Catch-22 takes place during the late stages of the European portion of World War II at an American Air Force camp on the Italian island of Pianosia in the Mediterranean Sea. Some of the book also is set in Rome while the officers are on leave from their duties during the war. The novels main character is John Yossarian, a man far from your usual hero. Yossarian feels paranoid; fears that everyone, even those in his squadron, are trying to kill him; and, avoids acts that could make him a hero because those are the ones that endanger his life most. Throughout Catch-22 he deals with the internal conflict of a morbid fear of death. He tries in vain many times to convince the squadrons doctor, Doc Daneeka, to ground him so he would not have to fly anymore missions. His main argument wont work however due to catch-22, an undefined law that contradicts existing laws, yet doesnt really exist but does exist because everyone believes it does. He says he is insane and should not be allowed to fly; unfortunately, catch-22 says that he is sane since he doesnt want to fly, and only someone who is insane would want to put his life at risk by flying. The only way he is able to avoid flying is by faking a liver illness that keeps him in the hospital until he can not bear being in the hospital anymore. Externally his superiors force him to fly against his will, making him face the possibility of being killed. Additionally, every time he comes close to completing the number of mission required to be able to be discharged Colonel Cathcart raises the number of missions in attempt to be promoted to general. The resolution to this problem is spending more time in the hospital and drawing up plans w...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Paradise Now and Walk on Water Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paradise Now and Walk on Water - Research Paper Example 'Paradise Now’ and ‘Walk on Water’ Primarily, in ‘Paradise Now’ two Palestinian terrorists, brothers Said and Khaled went to Tel-Aviv, and this geographical and historical context determined a plot of the whole story because they needed to behave themselves like standard Jewish people. Nevertheless, in ‘Walk on Water’ Mossad agent, Eyal, needed to behave himself normally as for killing aged Nazi officer, therefore, his memory must have been active in terms of Holocaust and the Second World War, that is why his activity as a secret agent was determined by not geographical and social, but historical and cultural context. History is inextricable from the present and from current conflicts in the Middle East. In the sub-chapter that goes below we will study how the historical past affects the present in two works, ‘Paradise Now’ and ‘Walk on Water.’ From the very beginning it would go Israeli/Palestinian historical trauma, broadly – Jewish/Muslim; then, we will be focused on Holocaust trauma in perception of nowadays people, aged Nazi and young Mossad agent. Initially, in ‘Paradise Now’ two persons, Muslims and Palestinian Said and Khaled decided to commit suicide terrorism at Tel-Aviv. Obviously, these guys were so cruel because of permanent war between Israeli/Jewish and Palestinian/Muslim in the Middle East.However, they realized in a culmination of film that love, personal attitudes, fear, and personal death are much more important for Said and Khaled than all ideological implications of dogmatic religions, for example, Muslim fundamentalism and Judaist determinism. Furthermore, in ‘Walk on Water’ there was also a big trauma of Holocaust, and that is why young agent of Mossad decided to kill aged Nazi officer; from the other perspective, he felt in love with his grandsons, and failed to kill everybody. Analogically, human factor stopped the hostility and ideological determinism concerning truly troubled relations that could occur between Nazi officer and Mossad agent, but the film proves that when people obt ain their human faces with dignity it is so hard to give up being individual person – instead of being blocked by ideological masks. The films ‘Walk on Water’ and ‘Paradise Now’ centrally ‘stage’ the Israeli and the Palestinian, respectively, as soldiers. In this sub-chapter we will discuss the ways in which the films present what can be a stereotype of the Israeli Mossad agent and the Palestinian ‘terrorist’ in order to critique these images we frequently see repeated in cultural media. Accordingly, we firstly will give an analysis to ‘Paradise Now’ and then ‘Walk on Water;’ ultimately, it will be a contrast and compare implications from these two films in order to answer on proposed question about two big stereotypes of the Middle East in worldwide cinema – Israeli Mossad agent and Palestinian ‘terrorist.’ Firstly, ‘Paradise Now’ by Hanu Abu-Assad, 2005, represente d a stereotype on Palestinian terrorists, brothers Said and Khaled, in a deconstructive manner, full of irony, criticism, absurd, and skepticism. We do not want to retell the whole story’s plot now, but we will be concentrated on the most vital suggestions and key-points. There were some of them, the most crucial ones. Initially, there was a woman called Suha, Said’s love. Then, it appeared that Said’s father was ‘ameel,’ a collaborator working with Israeli. Also, Said cancelled his suicide attack while he saw a child on board. Therefore, some key-points are relevant in

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Early college high school for African American males Dissertation

Early college high school for African American males - Dissertation Example In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that public schools that segregated Whites from Blacks were unconstitutional, and that schools that included different races helped to promote educational equality. Kozol (1991), however, found that even forty years later, racial segregation continued largely unchanged in various urban schools acrosst the country. The nation’s largest school districts remained 95-99% non-White, and Black students in poor families still recorded significantly lower scores on tests of academic performance than Whites in middle and high-income families (Knaus, 2007). Thus, despite the Supreme Court’s ruling and the federal government’s assistance of hundreds of millions of dollars to improve academic performance among Black students in public schools, school achievement remained unchanged (Noguera, 2008). Thus, achievement was unaffected by programs funded by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), Title 1 programs of the United States Department of Education, Head Start, Success for All, and Accelerated Schools. African Americans’s schools were often inadequate as compared to schools for exclusively White students (Knaus, 2007). Researchers (Bell, 2009; Ladson-Billings, 2004) who have studied and made recommendations about education among African Americans and school segregation have also described how segregated schools continue to lack academically rigorous curricula to promote cognitive growth and development that Black students require to succeed in school. Other researchers have presented the difficulties Black students have faced when transitioning from segregated public schools into an integrated environment and the subsequent performance gap that has existed since the mid-1900s (Valien, Taeuber, Glick et al., 1970). There is an increasing gender difference in graduation rates across the United States. â€Å"The difference exists across racial subgroups and is widest between African American girls and boys† (Chadwell, 2009, p.9). In the entire United States, as compared to any other group in American society, Black males are the most likely to be punished, most frequently through some form of exclusion, are labeled, categorized for special education even when there is absence of disability, and are the most liable to experience academic failure. Gender Differences in the Ways Males and Females Learn According to physician and psychologist, Leonard Sax (2007), the gender issue is relevant to classroom learning in several ways. In the United States there is increasing prevalence of boys expressing their disdain for school â€Å"saying that school is stupid and they do not like to read† (Sax, 2007, p.40). This approach is found to cut across all demographic groups, affecting both affluent white boys in the suburbs and black boys in low-income neighborhoods. Sax